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Pledge of the Tree
The Pledge of the Tree ((アラビア語:بيعة الشجرة) ''(unicode:bayʻat ash-shajarah)'') or Pledge of Satisfaction (Arabic: ''(unicode:bayʻat ar-riḍwān)'') or Pledge of Ridwan〔http://www.usc.edu/schools/college/crcc/engagement/resources/texts/muslim/maududi/mau48.html〕 was a pledge that was sworn to the Islamic prophet Muhammad by his ''Sahaba'' (companions) prior to the Treaty of Hudaybiyyah (6 AH, 628 CE). The pledge, sworn under a tree, was to avenge the rumoured death of Uthman ibn Affan.
== Background ==
In March 628 CE (6 AH), Muhammad set for Mecca to perform the ritual pilgrimage of Umrah. The Quraysh denied the Muslims entry into the city and posted themselves outside Mecca, determined to offer resistance even though the Muslims did not have any intention or preparation for battle. Muhammad camped outside Mecca at Hudaybiyyah and sent Uthman ibn Affan as his envoy to meet with the leaders of Quraysh and negotiate their entry into the city. The Quraysh caused Uthman to stay longer in Mecca than they originally planned and refused to inform the Muslims of his whereabouts. This caused them to believe that Uthman had been killed by the people of the Quraysh. On this occasion, Muhammad gathered his nearly 1,400 ''Sahaba'' and called them to pledge to fight until death and avenge the death of Uthman. This pledge took place under a tree and was thus known as the ''Pledge of the Tree''. During the process of pledging, each ''Sahaba'' came before Muhammad and pledged, with his hand on top of Muhammad's.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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